The first part of the research essay identifies Australia's role in science and technology by looking at the past, present and future trends. It is recommended that the public understanding of science be promoted by increasing the level of scientific literacy in the community. Education can contribute to Australia's economic viability by offering relevant and interesting courses designed specifically to increase scientific literacy. The second part of the essay suggests that the Australian Studies course, which is compulsory at Year 11 as part of the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE), has the potential for promoting the knowledge, skills and attitudes of scientific literacy. The final part of the essay provides a way of looking at science and technology with young people to enable them to gain sufficient knowledge and understanding to deal with current scientific issues in an informed way. The propositions involving science and technology in Units 1-4 in the Year 11 and 12 Australian Studies course are examined and suggestions are given as to how the course could be taught to encourage the development of scientific literacy. Finally, a case study of how the In vitro fertilisation (IVF) biotechnology is developed to show a basis for debate and informed decision making by students. Possible approaches are suggested at a practical level, which include content and teaching strategies, to provide teachers with a basis from which to increase the scientific and technological literacy of students.